Category Archives: General Science

Distance to the Horizon Assuming Refraction

While doing some reading on lighthouses, I needed a formula to compute the distance to the horizon as a function of height. This formula would give me an idea of how far away a lighthouse could be seen. Continue reading

Posted in General Science, Navigation, optics | 26 Comments

Geothermal Power Math

One concept that intrigues me is the idea that the Earth would be warm underground even without the Sun present. See the Wikipedia for an interesting discussion of this topic. My favorite science fiction story is After Worlds Collide, which is tale that includes a rogue planet called Bronson Beta. This rogue planet survived a very long trip through the bitter cold of interstellar space. Its former inhabitants had built deep underground tunnels that provided a warm sanctuary for travelers from Earth. Continue reading

Posted in Geology, History of Science and Technology | 1 Comment

Granite Self-Heating Math

Introduction I came across the following statement in an article about the self-heating of the granite in an article about how radioactivity heats the interior of the Earth. Radioactivity is present not only in the mantle, but in the rocks … Continue reading

Posted in Geology | 2 Comments

Whale Math

Introduction A reader asked a question that I answered in a comment response, but others may be interested so I will include my response as a post. One of my most read blog posts is about the amount of vertical … Continue reading

Posted in General Mathematics, General Science | 3 Comments

Fireflies and Supernova

Introduction Scientists always face the problem of making their work accessible to the public. Accessibility is crucial to scientific research continuing to receive funding. Part of this accessibility is creating analogies that relate scientific data to aspects of everyday life. … Continue reading

Posted in Astronomy, General Science | Comments Off on Fireflies and Supernova

Too Many Definitions of Candle

I have been doing some reading about photometry lately and I noticed that the unit of lighting called the candle has had quite a history. I used to work for a metrology company and I have always been interested in … Continue reading

Posted in General Science, History of Science and Technology | 2 Comments

Atmospheric Filtering of Sunlight

Introduction Today, I was asked a question about the amount of visible optical power that actually reaches the Earth's surface. I also need to compute the illuminance of this optical power, which tells me how bright this light appears. The … Continue reading

Posted in Astronomy, General Science | 1 Comment

Star Visual Magnitude Math

Introduction I have been reading a number of interesting astronomy articles lately. These articles often refer to the apparent and absolute magnitude of a celestial object or event (example). I thought I would work through a bit of the math … Continue reading

Posted in Astronomy, General Science | 1 Comment

Tornado Frequency Math

Introduction I was watching Global Public Square on CNN when they presented a trivia question that seemed interesting. Which nation has the most tornadoes relative to its land area? (a) Britain, (b) Bangladesh, (C) Belgium, (D) United States. The answer … Continue reading

Posted in General Science | 2 Comments

Photo Showing Ship On the Horizon

Quote of the Day Men are born ignorant, not stupid. They are made stupid by education. — Bertrand Russell (1872-1970). I see lots of problems with this quote, but there is an element of truth in it. I do think … Continue reading

Posted in General Science, Naval History, Navigation | 2 Comments